ebab7d0da53c51438720d60c6e2e467c - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

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<title>USED Chinook</title>

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USED Chinook

</h1>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><div>USED Chinook in 1931</div>

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr>

<tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:inherit;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"> United Kingdom</th></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>Mohawk (1892–1898)</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operator</td><td>Atlantic Transport Line</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td>Harland & Wolff, Belfast</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>25 February 1892</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Homeport</td><td>London, England</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td>Official number 99066</td></tr>

<tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:inherit;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">United States</th></tr>

<li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Mohawk (1898–1899)</li>

<li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Grant (1899–1902)</li>

</ul></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operator</td><td>Army Transport Service</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Homeport</td><td>San Francisco, California</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Transferred to Corps of Engineers</td></tr>

<tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:inherit;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">United States</th></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>Chinook (1903–1946)</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operator</td><td>Army Corps of Engineers</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td>Call sign: WYBH</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Scrapped</td></tr>

<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics as built in 1892</th></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tonnage</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;">

</ul></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>7,519 tons</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>445.5 ft (135.8 m)</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>24 ft (7.3 m)</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Depth of hold</td><td>30 ft (9.1 m)</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Decks</td><td>5</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td>1,200 <a href="Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (890 kW)</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>2 × triple-expansion steam engines</td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>13.5 <a href="Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph)</td></tr>

</tbody></table>

The steamship Mohawk was steel-hulled freighter built for the <a href="Atlantic_Transport_Line" title="Atlantic Transport Line">Atlantic Transport Line</a> in 1892. She carried live cattle and frozen beef from the United States to <a href="England" title="England">England</a> until the advent of the <a href="Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. In 1898 she was purchased by the <a href="United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> for use as an ocean-going <a href="Troopship" title="Troopship">troopship</a>. During the Spanish–American War she carried troops and supplies between the U.S. mainland, <a href="Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, and <a href="Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>.

After the war, she was renamed USAT Grant and refit for service as a troopship in the Pacific. She carried troops and supplies to the <a href="Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="China" title="China">China</a> to support the Army in the <a href="Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine Insurrection</a> and the <a href="Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>. Costly boiler repairs and the need to reduce the size of the <a href="Army_Transport_Service" title="Army Transport Service">Army Transport Service</a>'s Pacific fleet led to the ship's retirement as a troopship in 1902.

Grant was transferred to the <a href="United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a> and converted into a <a href="Dredging" title="Dredging">suction dredge</a> in 1903. At that time she was the largest such dredge in the world and remained so until 1938.<a href="#cite_note-:10-1">[1]</a> Grant was renamed USED Chinook. She was responsible for widening and deepening shipping channels on the <a href="Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a>, <a href="Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware</a>, and <a href="Mississippi_River_System" title="Mississippi River System">Mississippi</a> rivers, <a href="Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a>, <a href="Tampa_Bay" title="Tampa Bay">Tampa Bay</a>, <a href="New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a>, and other major ports and waterways. She was decommissioned in 1946 and subsequently scrapped.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_characteristics">Construction and characteristics</h2></div>

The Atlantic Transport Line commissioned four sister ships to be built by the <a href="Harland_%26_Wolff" title="Harland & Wolff">Harland & Wolff</a> shipyard in <a href="Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, Ireland. They were, in order of launch, <a href="USAT_Sheridan" title="USAT Sheridan">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="USAT_Logan" title="USAT Logan">Manitoba</a>, Mohawk, and <a href="USAT_Sherman" title="USAT Sherman">Mobile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

Mohawk's hull was built of steel plates. She was 445.5 feet (135.8 m) long, with a <a href="Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 49.2 feet (15.0 m) and a <a href="Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A%E2%80%93L)" title="Glossary of nautical terms (A–L)">depth of hold</a> of 30 feet (9.1 m). Her <a href="Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">gross register tonnage</a> was 5,658, and her <a href="Net_register_tonnage" title="Net register tonnage">net register tonnage</a> was 3,646.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a>

She was driven by two <a href="Propeller" title="Propeller">propellers</a>. These were turned by two <a href="Marine_steam_engine" title="Marine steam engine">triple-expansion steam engines</a> which were also built by Harland & Wolff. They had high, medium, and low-pressure cylinders with diameters of 22.5 inches, 36.5 inches, and 60 inches, respectively, with a stroke of 48 inches. Each of the engines was rated at 600 <a href="Horsepower" title="Horsepower">horsepower</a> (450 kW).<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> Steam was provided by coal-fired boilers. At full speed, the ship would burn 60 tons of coal a day.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a>

Mohawk's cargo capacity was built primarily to support the shipment of American beef to England, both in the form of live cattle and refrigerated dressed beef. She was fitted out to transport 1,000 live cattle,<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> with a space of 8 feet (2.4 m) long by 2.5 feet (0.76 m) wide allocated to each animal.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Her refrigerated holds could carry 1,000 tons of fresh meat.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The ship also had accommodations for up to sixty cabin passengers.

Mohawk was launched from the Harland & Wolff shipyard on <a href="Titanic_Quarter" title="Titanic Quarter">Queen's Island</a> on 25 February 1892. Her engines and machinery were then installed and she was delivered to her new owners on 7 May 1892.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atlantic_Transport_Line_(1892–1898)">Atlantic Transport Line (1892–1898)</h2></div>

While the Atlantic Transport Line was controlled by American shipping magnate <a href="Bernard_N._Baker" title="Bernard N. Baker">Bernard N. Baker</a>, its operations were run from Britain. Mohawk's home port was <a href="London" title="London">London</a> and she was <a href="Ship_registration" title="Ship registration">registered</a> as a British ship.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> During her six-year career with Atlantic Transport Line she was assigned to the <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> to <a href="London" title="London">London</a> route.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

Mohawk proved exceptionally capable at moving cattle across the Atlantic. On her first crossing in 1892, she brought 489 cattle to England and only two died en route.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> Since horses could be shipped using the same facilities as cattle, Mohawk occasionally shipped them as well. In 1897 the <a href="Field_hunter" title="Field hunter">hunter</a> Long Shot was shipped to England as a gift to the <a href="Consuelo_Vanderbilt" title="Consuelo Vanderbilt">Duchess of Marlborough</a> from her mother.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> On the same trip, Mohawk carried 206 horses purchased for British cavalry use.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Noted race horse enthusiast <a href="Pierre_Lorillard_IV" title="Pierre Lorillard IV">Pierre Lorillard</a> shipped a dozen <a href="Thoroughbred" title="Thoroughbred">thoroughbreds</a> to London on board.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In 1892 Mohawk carried <a href="Buffalo_Bill" title="Buffalo Bill">Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show</a> from London back to America. Among the livestock that accompanied the show aboard were 18 buffalo, 9 kicking <a href="Bronco" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronco">broncos</a>, and 3 of Cody's personal horses.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

Mohawk was a speedy ship for her day. In August 1892 she reached New York From London in 9 days, 20 hours, the fastest passage to that time by a freighter. She beat the record of her sister ship, Manitoba.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

Perhaps the most eventful day of Mohawk's career as a commercial vessel was 20 January 1897 when she saved the 17 surviving crew of the dismasted and sinking <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> <a href="Barque" title="Barque">bark</a> Persia during a North Atlantic storm.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Army_Transport_Service_(1898–1902)">Army Transport Service (1898–1902)</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish–American_War_(1898)">Spanish–American War (1898)</h3></div>

On 25 April 1898, <a href="United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> declared war on <a href="Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, beginning the Spanish–American War.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> An immediate objective was to defeat Spain in the <a href="Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, taking Cuba and Puerto Rico. At the time, the United States had few overseas possessions, and thus its military had limited ocean-capable <a href="Sealift" title="Sealift">sealift</a> to support such an offensive. American political leaders preferred to acquire American ships to support the war effort, rather than enrich foreigners and rely on foreign crews. There were also legal constraints on using neutral-flagged vessels in American military operations. Through some quirks in the Congressional funding of the war, the <a href="United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> was able to <a href="Chartering_(shipping)" title="Chartering (shipping)">charter</a> transport ships prior to the declaration of war and tied-up the best of the American merchant fleet for its use. When the <a href="United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> was able to begin acquiring ships after the declaration of war, fewer domestic options remained. While the Atlantic Transport Line was British-flagged, it was American owned, making it a more attractive option.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a>

Army <a href="Frank_J._Hecker" title="Frank J. Hecker">Colonel Frank J. Hecker</a> approached the Atlantic Transport Line to charter its fleet, and was refused. He then offered to buy the vessels he sought and a deal was struck, subject to the approval of the <a href="United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="Russell_A._Alger" title="Russell A. Alger">Russell Alger</a>. In addition to Mohawk, the Atlantic Transport Line sold Massachusetts, Manitoba, Mobile, Michigan, Mississippi, and Minnewaska.<a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a> These ships were placed under the <a href="United_States_Army_Quartermaster_Corps" title="United States Army Quartermaster Corps">Quartermaster's Department</a> of the United States Army. The Army reckoned Mohawk's capacity to be 80 officers, 1,000 men, and 1,000 horses. Mohawk was turned over to the Army in New York on 29 June 1898.<a href="#cite_note-:4-18">[18]</a> The price of the ship was $660,000.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a>

The Army immediately sent the ship into <a href="Dry_dock" title="Dry dock">dry dock</a> to have the marine growth scraped from her bottom. The British crew of 79 men refused to serve on a United States military ship. It was variously reported at the time that they were either replaced by Americans<a href="#cite_note-:4-18">[18]</a> or agreed to serve with a 20 percent increase in their wages.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> However, she was crewed, the ship sailed from New York for <a href="Tampa%2C_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a> on 5 July 1898, less than a week after the Army took possession.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> She carried approximately 600 mules, 200 horses, and 1,400 men from Tampa to Puerto Rico.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> By the time Mohawk reached the island on 2 August 1898, the fighting was all but over. Hostilities ceased on 12 August 1898.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>

<caption>Mohawk troop movements to and from the Caribbean

</caption>

<th>Departure

</th>

<th>From

</th>

<th>To

</th>

<th>Arrival

</th>

<th>Units embarked

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>24 July 1898

</td>

<td>Tampa

</td>

<td><a href="Ponce%2C_Puerto_Rico" title="Ponce, Puerto Rico">Ponce</a>

</td>

<td>2 August 1898

</td>

<td>ten companies <a href="11th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="11th Infantry Regiment (United States)">11th Infantry Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>18 August 1898

</td>

<td><a href="Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Montauk%2C_New_York" title="Montauk, New York">Montauk, New York</a>

</td>

<td>24 August 1898

</td>

<td>8th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific_service_(1898–1902)">Pacific service (1898–1902)</h3></div>

Having taken Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, the Army had a permanent need for transport to overseas bases. The annexation of <a href="Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> in 1898 also required new ocean transport. The Army Transport Service chose the best vessels acquired during the war to become a permanent sealift capability. Mohawk and her three sister ships were retained for this purpose. To mark their transition to permanent military service, they were renamed in January 1899 for prominent <a href="American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> generals. Mohawk became United States Army Transport Grant, named for <a href="Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>

On 27 September 1898,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> the ship arrived at the <a href="Bath_Iron_Works" title="Bath Iron Works">Bath Iron Works</a> in <a href="Bath%2C_Maine" title="Bath, Maine">Bath, Maine</a> for modifications to prepare her for transport service in the Pacific. The shipyard was the low bidder for the job at $82,800.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> During the work, the Army requested a number of extras which raised the ultimate cost to about $135,000. Among the projects accomplished at Bath were fitting two lower decks with three-tier pipe-berths which could accommodate 2,170 troops, and expanding the <a href="Galley_(kitchen)" title="Galley (kitchen)">galley</a>, messing, shower, toilet, ventilation, and other facilities to support the troops.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Over 100 painters were employed to completely repaint the ship in <a href="Lead_white" title="Lead white">lead white</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> A 50-bed hospital was installed.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> She sailed to New York, after her refit was complete, where she arrived on 4 January 1899.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>

Grant was assigned to deliver troops to the Philippines via the <a href="Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>. In New York she embarked the <a href="4th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="4th Infantry Regiment (United States)">4th Infantry Regiment</a> and one battalion of the <a href="17th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="17th Infantry Regiment (United States)">17th Infantry Regiment</a>. Also aboard were Major General <a href="Henry_Ware_Lawton" title="Henry Ware Lawton">Henry Lawton</a> and his staff. In total there were 1,730 enlisted troops and about 150 officers and their families aboard.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> As Grant was the first major transport to leave New York for the Philippines, her departure was attended by a number of notable figures including Assistant Secretary of War <a href="George_de_Rue_Meiklejohn" title="George de Rue Meiklejohn">Meiklejohn</a>, Adjutant General <a href="Henry_Clark_Corbin" title="Henry Clark Corbin">Corbin</a>, and Quartermaster General <a href="Marshall_I._Ludington" title="Marshall I. Ludington">Ludington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-33">[33]</a> U.S. Senators <a href="Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Proctor</a>, <a href="Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a>, and <a href="John_L._Mitchell" title="John L. Mitchell">Mitchell</a>, and seven U.S. Representatives, all members of the House Committee on Military Affairs.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>As Grant backed out of her berth to begin her voyage on 17 January 1899, her starboard propeller fouled an old wire <a href="Hawser" title="Hawser">hawser</a>. She was towed to her anchorage and divers were able to clear the old cable. On 18 January 1899 the ship sailed up the <a href="Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> to <a href="Grant's_Tomb" title="Grant's Tomb">Grant's Tomb</a> where a short ceremony was held to honor her namesake. The next day Grant sailed for <a href="Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, where she arrived on 1 February 1899.<a href="#cite_note-:5-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> After taking on coal and water, Grant sailed on, arriving in <a href="Suez" title="Suez">Suez</a> on 12 February 1899,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> on 26 February 1899,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <a href="Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> on 4 March 1899,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> and finally <a href="Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> on 10 March 1899.<a href="#cite_note-:6-39">[39]</a>

Grant sailed from Manila on 25 March 1899 for <a href="San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, via a coaling stop in <a href="Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>. She had on board the bodies of a number of soldiers killed in the Philippines as well as sick and wounded. She arrived on 29 April 1899.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> As the Philippine Insurrection grew, so did the urgency to move more troops to the islands. Grant and other Army Transport Service ships began a shuttle from San Francisco to Manila. On most of her trips to Manila, Grant carried complete troop units, and a number of recruits and replacements for units already in the Philippines. On her return trips, she usually carried soldiers who were wounded, ill, or dead, prisoners, and those whose enlistment had expired. Depending on the size of her human cargo, she would also board supplies. On one trip she carried almost 5,000 tons of supplies.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The ship had a strong room and used it to carry cash to Manila to pay the Army's expenses. In October 1900, Grant sailed with $1.3 million aboard.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

Among her cabin passengers were a number of notable figures. In July 1900, Grant sailed from San Francisco to Taku Bay, China with Major General <a href="Adna_Chaffee" title="Adna Chaffee">Adna Chaffee</a>, the commander of <a href="China_Relief_Expedition" title="China Relief Expedition">China Relief Expedition</a> during the Boxer Rebellion. The civilian Governor of the Philippines, later U.S. President, <a href="William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> sailed home from Manila in December 1901 on Grant.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>

<caption>Grant full-unit troop movements in the Pacific

</caption>

<th>Departure

</th>

<th>From

</th>

<th>To

</th>

<th>Arrival

</th>

<th>Units Embarked

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>19 January 1899

</td>

<td>New York

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

<td>10 March 1899<a href="#cite_note-:6-39">[39]</a>

</td>

<td>4th Infantry Regiment

1 brigade, 17th Infantry Regiment

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

</td>

<td><a href="16th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="16th Infantry Regiment (United States)">16th Infantry Regiment</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td>29 August 1899<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>

</td>

<td>Idaho Volunteer Infantry Regiment (481 men)

North Dakota Volunteer Infantry Regiment (540 men)

Wyoming Volunteer Infantry Regiment (274 men)

Battery A, Wyoming Light Artillery (57 men)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>25 September 1899

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

<td>24 October 1899<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>

</td>

<td>26th Volunteer Infantry Regiment

250 recruits for other units

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>20 December 1899

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

<td>25 January 1900<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>

</td>

<td>48th Volunteer Infantry Regiment

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td><a href="Taku_Forts" title="Taku Forts">Taku, China</a>

</td>

</td>

<td><a href="6th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="6th Cavalry Regiment">6th Cavalry Regiment</a>

224 Marines

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>28 March 1901<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a>

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td>19 April 1901<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>

</td>

<td>Company F, 26th Volunteer Infantry Regiment (79 men)

29th Volunteer Infantry Regiment (866 men)

32nd Volunteer Infantry Regiment (666 men)

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td>24 June 1901

</td>

<td>48th Volunteer Infantry Regiment

49th Volunteer Infantry Regiment

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>25 August 1901<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a>

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td>18 September 1901<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a>

</td>

<td>Troop B, <a href="4th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">4th Cavalry Regiment</a>

12th Battery of Field Artillery

13th Battery of Field Artillery

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>15 November 1901<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

<td>11 December 1901<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a>

</td>

<td><a href="28th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="28th Infantry Regiment (United States)">28th Infantry Regiment</a> (869 men)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>26 March 1902<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>

</td>

<td>Manila

</td>

<td>San Francisco

</td>

<td>27 April 1902<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>

</td>

<td><a href="12th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="12th Infantry Regiment (United States)">12th Infantry Regiment</a>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

Grant received periodic safety inspections of her boilers throughout her service with the Army Transport Service. She failed her inspection in March 1902 and her next trip to Manila was cancelled. In May 1902, Grant's crew was discharged as it became clear that significant repairs could not be avoided.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The low bid on the repair work was $358,000.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The need for these costly repairs arose at the same time the Army was reducing its Pacific transport fleet as fighting in the Philippines and China decreased.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The Army decided to retire Grant rather than pay for repairs, and offered the ship for sale in a sealed bid process.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> When the bids were opened in July 1902, the high bid for the ship was $51,000.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The Army did not accept this bid.

In September 1902, Secretary of War <a href="Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a> announced that Grant would be transferred to the U.S. Navy.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> While the Army Transport Service was struggling with the cost of its Pacific fleet, the Army Corps of Engineers was struggling to dredge the mouth of the Columbia River. There was substantial Congressional support for deepening the Columbia, with $500,000 appropriated in 1902 and $1,000,000 in 1903.<a href="#cite_note-:7-67">[67]</a> The Engineers developed a plan to convert Grant into a dredge to assist the project. They argued that a conversion would be much cheaper than building a new ship, and that the waters at the mouth of the Columbia were so rough that only a large ship like Grant could do the work. The Navy was convinced to relinquish its claim, and Grant was transferred to the Army Corps of Engineers in October 1902.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Army_Corps_of_Engineers_(1903–1946)">Army Corps of Engineers (1903–1946)</h2></div>

Plans to convert Grant into a dredge were completed in November 1902.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> After a lengthy and contested bidding process, the contract for the conversion work was awarded to the <a href="Mare_Island_Naval_Shipyard" title="Mare Island Naval Shipyard">Mare Island Naval Shipyard</a> in February 1903.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The work was completed in October 1903.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The cost of the conversion was about $270,000.<a href="#cite_note-:7-67">[67]</a> She was given a new name, United States Engineers Department Chinook.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> She was the largest dredge of her type in the world when completed, and remained so until 1938 when she was supplanted by <a href="Goethals_(dredge)" title="Goethals (dredge)">USED Goethals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:10-1">[1]</a>Chinook was a hopper dredge, or suction dredge. Much of her internal volume were two 40 feet (12 m)-deep hoppers, bins that could hold 4,050 cubic yards (3,100 m3) of sand. Underneath the hoppers were 16 gates that could be opened to discharge the sand. On each side of the ship was a drag arm, a steel pipe, that could be lowered to the bottom. The pipe was 20 inches (0.51 m) in diameter. At the end of each drag arm was a drag shoe which was covered by a grate to keep large items from being sucked up the drag arm.

When Chinook was dredging, her drag arms were lowered to the bottom. Powerful pumps sucked sand and gravel up through the drag arms and dumped it into the hoppers. In 1903 the ship was fitted with two 20-inch (510 mm) <a href="Centrifugal_pump" title="Centrifugal pump">centrifugal pumps</a> that were capable of pumping 2,500 cubic yards (1,900 m3) of sand per hour.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Each pump was powered by its own triple-expansion steam engine with high, medium, and low-pressure cylinders of 13, 20, and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

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</style>31+1⁄2 inches and a stroke of 20 inches.<a href="#cite_note-:9-74">[74]</a> When the hoppers were full, Chinook would raise her drag arms, sail to a designated dumping ground, open the gates in the bottom of the hoppers, and let gravity discharge the dredging spoil into the water.

Chinook reached <a href="Astoria%2C_Oregon" title="Astoria, Oregon">Astoria, Oregon</a>, at the mouth of the Columbia, on 3 November 1903. She was not ready to begin operations, but completed some short test and training dredges with her new crew. Among the things that the testing revealed was that her boiler problems had not been fixed. Chinook went to the shipyard in Portland where 14 patches on the boilers were repaired in April 1904.<a href="#cite_note-:7-67">[67]</a>

In May and June 1904, Chinook was finally able to begin dredging the <a href="Columbia_Bar" title="Columbia Bar">Columbia Bar</a>. In that two month period she dredged for 40 days, and removed 141,476 cubic yards (108,166 m3) of sand and gravel from the river at a cost of $0.143 per yard. In fiscal year 1905, Chinook removed an additional 245,220 cubic yards (187,480 m3). Dredging was discontinued in April 1905 and the ship was laid up.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Once again, the problem was that her boilers were unsafe and there was no money to fix them. The ship was idle for four years. Finally, plans were made to replace her four boilers and convert them from coal to oil-burning. During the same shipyard visit, tons of steel in her unneeded passenger cabins and superstructure were to be removed so as to give her a smaller <a href="Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">draft</a>, allowing her to work in shallower water.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Bids for the work were opened on 22 December 1909 and the work completed on 25 August 1910.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The cost of this refit was $137,075.<a href="#cite_note-:9-74">[74]</a> Her new displacement was reported as 7,400 tons.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Another shipyard visit in 1914 added two 30-inch (760 mm) centrifugal pumps connected to drag arms 30 inches in diameter.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> These changes significantly improved dredging performance. By the end of the 1915 dredging season, Chinook was able to dredge 10,000 cubic yards (7,600 m3) in an eight-hour shift. She had two full crews aboard to extend her working days when the weather and seas allowed.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>

The Columbia Bar was too rough for dredging in the stormy winter months, so Chinook dredged from May to October. She was idle or undergoing maintenance the rest of the year. When conditions were calm, she would work productive 16-hour days. For example, on 13 May 1916 she removed 16,280 cubic yards (12,450 m3) of sand weighing approximately 32,000 tons from the shipping channel.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In June 1918 Chinook set a ship record, removing 370,000 cubic yards (280,000 m3).<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> As a result of her work, other dredges, and the construction of jetties at the river mouth, in 1918 the shipping channel at the Columbia Bar was 40 feet (12 m) deep and 1,000 feet (0.30 km) wide.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> This met the Congressional mandate for the river and Chinook was reassigned. She left Astoria on 22 January 1919.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a>

Chinook arrived in <a href="Charleston%2C_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, via the <a href="Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>, on 27 February 1919.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> She participated in a project to deepen the channel into the harbor. She was then transferred to Hampton Roads, Virginia to dredge the Thimble Shoal channel.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> She worked on this project intermittently from August 1919 to October 1925 during which time she removed 9,569,968 cubic yards (7,316,766 m3) of material.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The ship spent much of the remainder of her career assigned to the <a href="Portsmouth%2C_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth, Virginia</a> District of the Corps of Engineers and returned to the same channels and rivers multiple times to maintain water depth in the face of constant silting.

Chinook completed a variety of short-term assignments around in the country. At the end of 1920 Chinook was ordered to work in Galveston, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In 1931 she spent a month dredging the channel to Philadelphia.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In 1932 and 1933 she was dispatched to New Orleans.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Chinook dredged the <a href="Egmont_Key_State_Park_and_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Egmont Key State Park and National Wildlife Refuge">Egmont Key</a> channel in Florida at various times from 1934 to 1936<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 1936 and 1937 she completed a dredging project in New York Harbor<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> before returning to work in Tampa Bay in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Later that year she spent 30 days deepening <a href="Winyah_Bay" title="Winyah Bay">Winyah Bay</a>, South Carolina.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a>

In 1925 <a href="Newport_News_Shipbuilding" title="Newport News Shipbuilding">Newport News Shipbuilding</a> replaced her four boilers with six new ones, and overhauled a number of other systems for $98,500.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In 1926 her 20-inch drag arms were removed.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obsolescence,_sale,_and_scrapping">Obsolescence, sale, and scrapping</h2></div>

Chinook was idled in July 1946<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> and decommissioned in October 1946.<a href="#cite_note-:8-99">[99]</a> She was replaced at Norfolk by USED Comber.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Chinook was sold for scrap to the Doane Salvage Company of <a href="Bordentown%2C_New_Jersey" title="Bordentown, New Jersey">Bordentown, New Jersey</a> in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The original ship's bell, forged for Mohawk, and which sailed on Grant and Chinook, is held by the US Army Corps of Engineers.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/27463495/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant To Sail Tomorrow"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 31 March 1900. p. 12.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/27415475/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant Sails"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 17 October 1900. p. 10.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/71864970/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Soldiers Sail For Home"</a>. Oakland Tribune. 31 July 1899. p. 2.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/607782004/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant's Arrival"</a>. Los Angeles Evening Express. 25 October 1899. p. 1.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/27453091/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant at Manila"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 26 January 1900. p. 2.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/78271854/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Grant Puts To Sea With Chaffee Aboard, But Is Forced To Return"</a>. San Francisco Call and Post. 2 July 1900. p. 10.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/General_Chaffee's_Report_on_the_China_Relief_Expedition">"General Chaffee's Report on the China Relief Expedition - Wikisource, the free online library"</a>. en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 10 October 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/46501593/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant Arrives From Philippines With Two Regiments"</a>. San Francisco Call and Post. 20 April 1901. p. 8.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/46520077/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Army Transport Grant Os Home With Two Regiments Of Infantry"</a>. San Francisco Call and Post. 25 June 1901. p. 5.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/609366922/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"The Grant Sailed"</a>. Evening Mail. 28 August 1901. p. 4.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/27450613/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant Here From Manila"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 19 September 1901. p. 8.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/27593012/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"The Transport Grant Sails Heavily Laden for the Philippines"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 16 November 1901. p. 14.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/46557259/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Washington"</a>. San Francisco Call and Post. 13 December 1901. p. 4.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/699268890/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Cholera"</a>. Evening Transcript. 26 March 1902. p. 7.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/27578402/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant Here From Manila With Twelfth Infantry"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 28 April 1902. p. 9.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/27406094/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Grant's Crew Discharged"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 21 May 1902. p. 12.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/618646312/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant A Costly Investment"</a>. The Union. 5 June 1902. p. 1.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/995803194/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant In Need Of Repairs"</a>. Weekly Press. 8 May 1902. p. 3.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/27533943/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Legal and Official"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 23 July 1902. p. 7.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/998457826/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Great Decline In Value"</a>. Oakland Enquirer. 11 July 1902. p. 3.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035005715/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Turned Over To The Navy"</a>. Solano-Napa News Chronicle. 20 September 1902. p. 3.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:7-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_67-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k6RTAAAAYAAJ&dq=army+grant+chinook+dredge&pg=PA3545">Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1904</a>. Vol. VII. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1904. pp. 3545–3546.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1083052427/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Dredge For Bar"</a>. Oregonian. 18 October 1902. p. 1.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1084861249/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Remodeling The Grant"</a>. Oregonian. 18 November 1902. p. 2.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/458049581/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Union Iron Works Is Scored In Congress"</a>. San Francisco Examiner. 20 February 1903. p. 8.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/724910031/?match=1&terms=%22chinook%20dredge%22">"Dredge Will Be Named Chinook"</a>. Tacoma Daily Ledger. 28 October 1903. p. 8.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/626771443/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Transport Grant To Be Given A New Name"</a>. Independent. 28 October 1903. p. 8.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1087337054/?match=1&terms=%22transport%20Grant%22">"Why Work On Grant Is Slow"</a>. Oregonian. 20 September 1903. p. 12.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:9-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_74-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CalMAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22dredge+chinook%22&pg=RA1-PA204">"Some Data on the Dredging of Bars in the Columbia River"</a>. Engineering and Contracting. XXXVIII (8): 204. 21 August 1912.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AMH/USMM/Annual_List/1915.pdf">Merchant Vessels of the United States</a> (PDF). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1916. p. 456.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1083332095/?match=1&terms=%22dredge%20chinook%22">"Dredge May Return"</a>. Oregonian. 3 October 1915. p. 34.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1090630151/?match=1&terms=%22dredge%20chinook%22">"Dredge Chinook Has Again Started Work"</a>. Oregon Daily Journal. 16 May 1916. p. 14.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1089455438/?match=1&terms=%22dredge%20chinook%22">"Dredge Chinook Sets New Pace for June"</a>. Oregon Daily Journal. 2 July 1918. p. 10.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1084483275/?match=1&terms=%22dredge%20chinook%22">"River Channel Wider"</a>. Oregonian. 13 July 1918. p. 5.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/27524013/?match=1&terms=Dredge%20chinook">"Coast Ports"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 23 January 1919. p. 14.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/1084362947/?match=1&terms=Dredge%20chinook">"Marine Notes"</a>. Oregonian. 6 March 1919. p. 20.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/952662523/?match=1&terms=Dredge%20chinook">"Largest Government Dredge Afloat Is Here To Tackle Job Of Widening 40 Foot Channel"</a>. Ledger-Star. 9 August 1919. p. 12.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/950933366/?match=1&terms=Dredge%20chinook">"See Work On Eastern And Southern Branch Aid To Industries"</a>. Ledger-Star. 31 December 1925. p. 14.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/952618850/?match=1&terms=Dredge%20chinook">"Dredge "Chinook" Is Ordered To Galveston"</a>. Ledger-Star. 2 September 1920. p. 16.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/950980060/?match=1&terms=Dredge%20chinook">"Philadelphia Gets Govern'ent [sic] Dredge For Thirty Days"</a>. Ledger-Star. 25 November 1931. p. 18.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/950951011/?match=1&terms=Dredge%20chinook">"Dredge Chinook Goes To Gulf"</a>. Ledger-Star. 8 June 1933. p. 12.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v6gshMEzX3YC&dq=dredge+chinook&pg=PA196">Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army</a>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1937.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L_gWAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22dredge+chinook%22&pg=PA199">Report of the Chief of Engineers</a>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1927. p. 199.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/314608311/?match=1&terms=%22dredge%20chinook%22">"Hopper Dredge Chinook Drops Anchor In Bay"</a>. Tampa Bay Times. 17 July 1938. p. 14.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/187894251/?match=1&terms=%22dredge%20chinook%22">"Continue Dredging"</a>. Greenville News. 5 April 1938. p. 2.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hsIOsl7l0lAC&dq=dredge+chinook&pg=PA122">"Reconditioning of U.S. Seagoing Dredge Chinook Awarded Newport News Shipyard on Bid of $98,500"</a>. Marine Engineering and Shipping Age. XXX (2): 122. February 1925.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/952351653/?match=1&terms=%22dredge%20chinook%22">"Dredge Being Built for Use Here to Be Launched Friday"</a>. Ledger-Star. 24 September 1946. p. 3.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A1236872C1F6A0AE3%40GB3NEWS-129094B5772AD396%402432142-128E416A54256733%4010-128E416A54256733%40?h=34&fname=&mname=&lname=&kwinc=Dredge%20chinook&kwexc=&rgfromDate=July%201946&rgtoDate=1947&formDate=&formDateFlex=exact&dateType=range&processingtime=&addedFrom=&addedTo=&page=2&sid=yblzkqpbizsebxyxcvxvuirhpalpwshc_ip-10-166-46-120_1728946956421">"Mighty Ships Cut To Pieces By Salvagers"</a>. Trenton Times Advertiser. 17 November 1946. p. 11.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media-cdn.dvidshub.net/pubs/pdf_50700.pdf">"Yesterday"</a> (PDF). The Engineer. 1 (1): 16. Spring 1971 – via DVIDS.</cite>

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